In the example given below, 2 classes have been created. If a class creates 2 instances, the constructor is called for each instance. This constructor method is used to declare instance variables. When the new method allocates the memory, then the init method is called automatically by the new method. The init method is the constructor or dunder method of the class. Python supports a special type of method called a constructor which is used to initialize the instance variables of the class. Print('type of class:',type(stud),' id of object:',id(stud)) Self is used to pass the memory location of the object/instance The memory location allocated to the Stud object is returned. The new method calls the init method after the memory allocation in which the instance variables are declared. The memory allocation of the object is done by the new method of the class. The memory size of the object depends on the variables and methods defined in the object of the Student class. A memory size allocation of the class depends on the variables and methods of the object that is in the Student class. The syntax of defining the object of the class is given below, in which we have the name of the object and the name of the class in which the arguments are also passed.Ī block of memory is allocated in the heap for the stud object (refer below example). Properties are the characteristics of the object and functions are the activities performed by the object/instance. Class objects have properties and functions. Each class object/instance of a class is unique. When we create an object of a class, the data of the instance variable of the class is copied to the object/instance. Creating a class instance means allocating memory to store the data of the class variable. To use a class, a class object has to be created. It tells the location of the object that is reserved in the memory.An object is a class type variable or class instance. Reference Variable: It is a variable that indicates an object of the class. Internally, it is executed at the stack level. It is visual only to the method, constructor, and block in which it is declared. You cannot use the access modifier with local variables. Local Variable: It is a method-level variable, it is declared in method, block, or constructor. It can be used by calling the class_name.variable_name. The defaulting value of a static variable is similar to the instance variable. It is visibly similar to the instance variable. Static Variable: It is a class-level variable that is declared with keyword static inside a class but outside of the method, constructor, and blocks. It can be used instantly by calling the variable name inside the class. It is made when an object is formed by using the new keyword. Instance Variable: It is an object-level variable that must be declared inside a class but outside a method, constructor, and block. invokes the bark() method of the Hound class overrides the method bark() of the Dog class It is also called runtime polymorphism and it overrides the value of the parent class method. The methods should have a similar number of parameters and a similar type of parameter. Overriding: If a method with a similar method signature is available in both child and parent class is called method overriding. As shown in the code snippet, the method add() is an overloaded method. It is also called compile-time polymorphism. Overloading: It is a concept in OOP when there are two or more methods is present in a class with a similar name but the method signature is changed. Name different types of constructors in OOPS Is it possible to create an instance of an abstract class?Ĥ7. Tell some real-world examples of polymorphism?Ĥ1. Is it possible to overload the main() method in Java?Ĥ0. Explain the different types of variables in OOP?ģ9. Explain the different levels of data abstraction?ģ7. Explain data abstraction and how can we achieve it?ģ6. Differentiate a base class and a superclass?ģ5. What do you understand by overloading and overriding, show with example?ģ4. Differentiate new and override modifiers?ģ1. Tell the names of operators that can’t be overloaded.ģ0. Differentiate Composition and Inheritance?Ģ9. Explain the main benefits of composition?Ģ6. Can a class inherit the constructor of its base class?Ģ5. Tell some characteristics of an abstract class?Ģ3. Tell the rules for forming a constructor?Ģ2. Explain manipulators and their work in OOP?Ģ1. Explain the concept of access specifiers?Ģ0. Why Java is not considered a pure object-oriented programming language?ġ8. Explain pure object-oriented language?ġ6. Tell some advantages and disadvantages of OOP?ġ5. Can you call the base class technique without making an instance?ġ1.
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